There seems to be a never ending debate in Asatru circles between two opposing views of our religion, whether it's "völkish" or whether it's "universalist", i.e. whether it's ethno-centric or not.
I support the völkish view, simply because it makes sense, which I think the universalist view does not. Asatru as an indigenous religion is ethno-centric, simply because its roots are indigenous to a few specific ancestral nations. To claim that the revived Asatru suddenly is universalist, is a modern invention which has nothing to do with original and ancestral Asatru.
Every single religion on Earth is ethno-centric at its core. Buddhism is ethno-centric, christianity is ethno-centric, and islam is very ethno-centric, even hinduism is ethno-centric. So what's so wrong with being ethno-centric ? The proof of my claim is easily obtained by observing the actions of people who convert.
A convert to buddhism often changes or extends his/her name with an Indian or Tibetian name, signalling his/her new status as a Buddhist. The same is the case with christianity and islam, where converts also often adapt their names to fit their new faith. If you disagree that christians adapt their names, just consider where the names Peter, Paul, John, Matthew, Jacob, Simon, Mary, Adam, Eve et.al. comes from, not to speak of "Christian".
And in the case of islam, Arabic language is considered the language of Allah, and so becomes an absolute requirement and considered the only suitable language to be used for worship. If that's not an ethno-centric view, I don't know what is.
What are the usual claims made by universalist Asatruar in favor of universalism, against the völkish view ? It can be summarized into one claim, namely that völkism leads to racism. But that's a false claim, which just shows the claimants own ignorance and/or prejudice.
Racism is a supremacist view, claiming that one's own race/religion/culture is superior to all other cultures. This is how islam sees the world today, and how christianity saw the world a few centuries back. This is not how modern Asatruar, or any other polytheists for that matter, of any political persuasion, sees the world, so why is this blatant prejudice even being worded again and again ?
Völkish means that one acknowledges the link between the culture behind the religion and the religion itself. It's not a chauvanist view, because it doesn't include any notion of being better than others. E.g., we don't require people to exchange their christian names with a nordic one (Like Eric or Sven) when becoming Asatru, we don't ridicule people for being named John or Peter or even Christian, and we don't require anyone to only worship the Gods in old Norse tongue. And as all people on the face of the Earth, we also have the right to better ourselves and seek to improve our conditions, to thrive as a people and nation. To assume that this right doesn't exist for us specifically, is pure auto-racism, i.e. a demeaning form of self hatred that I personally strongly reject and loathe.
My counter-claim agninst universalism, is that it's a direct road to missioning. I.e. to a situation whereby Asatruar can expand their faith to any people in the world by persuasion or force. If one, as the universalists think, doesn't acknowledge the ethnic root of Asatru, they've in fact reinventing Asatru as a culture-less religion, and then what should hinder anyone as missionaries from trying to actively convert anyone to such a culture-less faith ? Christianity certainly has tried that road, and polytheists everywhere has suffered the dire consequences. I think this path is both inherently false and dangerous.
Then, why does this divide even exist ? Well, to be quite frank, I belive it to be a mix of misplaced politic correctness and secular force of habit. For a long time, the people of European descent, (often dubbed "white", but I like "westerners" better) have been pounded upon, to apologize for this and that. And this apologetic state of mind are so pervasive today, that many Asatruar seem to have no objections to continue this pounding upon each other, for any perceived wrong-doing. And all just because they've been brought up with a vast guilt complex, and aren't able to "kick the habit".
Yes, westerners have been very succesful in building world-wide empires for the last 500 years, and yes, westeners have extensively exploited both natural and demographic ressources (people as slaves). But this is past history, perpetrated by our (late) ancestors, not us. And as very few colonies remain today, and as very few of the descendants of slaves e.g. in North America even want to return to ancestral Africa, what's left to apologize for ?
The only thing I feel that needs to be apologized for, is the chauvanistic christian destruction of indigenous cultures, in Africa, in the Americas, and elsewhere. Even today, surviving indigenous cultures struggle to regain their cultural heritage. And this includes our own, because we Asatruar today are also victims of the christian rampage. We were just brutalized 500-1000 years earlier than most others.
I read a piece a while back, about an "apology" offered in 1986 by the churchs in Canada to native Americans (http://www.united-church.ca/aboriginal/relationships/apologies.shtm), but at the same time "invited" them to rebuild their devastated culture within church doctrines. It made me sick to the bone to read that piece. Their apparent apology was pure and intentionally fiction, not a real apology by any measure, and it proves that the monotheistists are very unwilling to offer any true apologies for documented past misdeeds, even when they've benefited hugely and directly from them. Why is it then, that we Asatruar should be apologetic, we have no cultural share in these monotheistic misdeeds. Let the monotheists offer apologies if they want.
As for the secular force of habit, almost all current Asatruar are brought up in a monotheistic environment. And we've grown up being taught to regard animism and polytheism as "lesser" and more "primitive" religions than the pervasive monotheism, although most Asatruar is unwilling to recognize this as a fact. This in-grown habit is very, very hard to rid oneself of, but it can be done. One must just constantly question any little assumption when faced with it in everyday life :Why should I accept this (pre)condition, why should I accept this decision, why as this choice better than the other etc. Only that way do we have any real chance of rid ourselves of basically discriminating habits. And then we can hopefully also rid ourselves of the misconceptions and prejudicies leading to the völkish/universalist divide.
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Irenessøn
All polytheists in the World are my extended kindred.
Having a monotheist explain polytheism, is like having a deep sea fish explain life on land.